{"id":45807,"date":"2021-04-20T10:45:07","date_gmt":"2021-04-20T17:45:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cohu.com\/?p=45807"},"modified":"2025-03-28T12:47:18","modified_gmt":"2025-03-28T19:47:18","slug":"state-of-semiconductors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cohu.com\/tignis\/the-state-of-semiconductors","title":{"rendered":"The State of Semiconductors"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m8g28v5p-746d8baae8d89148fb421ccddfa3a141\">\n.avia-section.av-m8g28v5p-746d8baae8d89148fb421ccddfa3a141 .av-parallax .av-parallax-inner{\nbackground-repeat:no-repeat;\nbackground-image:url(\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/resources-banner-1500x333.jpg);\nbackground-position:50% 50%;\nbackground-attachment:scroll;\n}\n.avia-section.av-m8g28v5p-746d8baae8d89148fb421ccddfa3a141 .av-section-color-overlay{\nopacity:0.3;\nbackground-color:#000000;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section 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.av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-m8g29ww6-eae5135b0895c3f76a92dcd7e248c63a av-special-heading-h1 custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-2  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  av-inherit-size av-linked-heading'><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >PHYSICS, MACHINES AND DATA<\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2pyrzd-6af470dabd56f3b979785905ac98eceb\">\n.flex_column.av-2pyrzd-6af470dabd56f3b979785905ac98eceb{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-2pyrzd-6af470dabd56f3b979785905ac98eceb av_one_third  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_two_third  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m8sqnek7-5a54248de211167837b6e7f1c5ebaa5a\">\n.avia-image-container.av-m8sqnek7-5a54248de211167837b6e7f1c5ebaa5a img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-m8sqnek7-5a54248de211167837b6e7f1c5ebaa5a .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-m8sqnek7-5a54248de211167837b6e7f1c5ebaa5a av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-4  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-45060 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-45060 avia_image ' src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Tignis-Logo-cohu-tagline-all-white-transparent-300x89.png\" alt='Tignis, A Cohu Analytics Solution logo in white' title='Tignis-Logo-cohu-tagline-all white-transparent'  height=\"89\" width=\"300\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Tignis-Logo-cohu-tagline-all-white-transparent-300x89.png 300w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Tignis-Logo-cohu-tagline-all-white-transparent-1030x305.png 1030w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Tignis-Logo-cohu-tagline-all-white-transparent-768x228.png 768w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Tignis-Logo-cohu-tagline-all-white-transparent-1536x455.png 1536w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Tignis-Logo-cohu-tagline-all-white-transparent-2048x607.png 2048w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Tignis-Logo-cohu-tagline-all-white-transparent-1500x444.png 1500w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Tignis-Logo-cohu-tagline-all-white-transparent-705x209.png 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id='after_section_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-45807'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div  class='flex_column av-2y29t5-8eac002ebd25dfff14a3d2eed1a49041 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_post_metadata  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m8gaohgy-e779b05cc50cec788c64ad3beca2e266\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-m8gaohgy-e779b05cc50cec788c64ad3beca2e266 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:40px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-m8gaohgy-e779b05cc50cec788c64ad3beca2e266 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>The State of Semiconductors<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<div  class='av-post-metadata-container av-av_post_metadata-f2d93833baf55c47e6bd6c86e40f308e av-metadata-container-align-center  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_hr  av-metadata-container-1'><div class='av-post-metadata-container-inner'><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-meta-content\"><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-published\"><span class=\"av-post-metadata-published-date\" >20. April 2021<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-separator\">|<\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-category\"><span class=\"av-metadata-before av-metadata-before-categories\">in<\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-category-link\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cohu.com\/category\/thought-leadership\/\" >Thought Leadership<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m8t25391-39260fa6e7d6022a5f36742c2f35864e\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-m8t25391-39260fa6e7d6022a5f36742c2f35864e{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-m8t25391-39260fa6e7d6022a5f36742c2f35864e hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_post_metadata  el_before_av_one_full '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1ltc3hq-d678e11ab7342dc0fff705952edff81f av_one_full  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_hr  first flex_column_div  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-14x5t1q-d2b9d0588c77445a398b755802fed025\">\n.avia-image-container.av-14x5t1q-d2b9d0588c77445a398b755802fed025 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-14x5t1q-d2b9d0588c77445a398b755802fed025 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-14x5t1q-d2b9d0588c77445a398b755802fed025 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-10  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-45808 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-45808 avia_image ' src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Alex-Fry-Blog-Banner-Image-1030x361.png\" alt='' title='semiconductor-Blog-Banner-Image'  height=\"361\" width=\"1030\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Alex-Fry-Blog-Banner-Image-1030x361.png 1030w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Alex-Fry-Blog-Banner-Image-300x105.png 300w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Alex-Fry-Blog-Banner-Image-768x269.png 768w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Alex-Fry-Blog-Banner-Image-705x247.png 705w, \/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Alex-Fry-Blog-Banner-Image.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m8g8t5wg-76ecfb6e051b02404cc71f111581bb48\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-m8g8t5wg-76ecfb6e051b02404cc71f111581bb48{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-m8g8t5wg-76ecfb6e051b02404cc71f111581bb48 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-tc5sy6-c610ce4ce37ddc8755f7c103673cd0c6 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-12  el_after_av_hr  avia-builder-el-last  first flex_column_div  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m8g8tpp9-ff1fa86bc0dd446fd91b41108625f035\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-m8g8tpp9-ff1fa86bc0dd446fd91b41108625f035 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:18px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-m8g8tpp9-ff1fa86bc0dd446fd91b41108625f035 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Semiconductors enable the modern world we live in by selectively controlling the conductivity of materials and ultimately the flow of information. As a whole, the need for getting the right information in the hands of the right people continuously grows year over year, despite recent challenges. During the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, the global sales of semiconductors grew 5.4% and the market is forecasted to grow an additional 7.7% to a total of $476 billion in 2021. Currently, the United States excels in the design and innovation of new semiconductor technologies. The United States holds 47% (as of 2019) of the global sales market share but in order to keep that position spends around 40 billion a year in research and development. Alternatively, semiconductor supply chains tend to be more global to drive value and efficiency gains for the industry. With 80% of semiconductor foundries and assembly\/test operations now concentrated in Asia, there is a clear strategic weakness for the United States and a need to consider investments in the semiconductor manufacturing sector.<\/p>\n<p>Semiconductors are manufactured in a sequence of material patterning steps on a base substrate\u2014 usually a silicon wafer. The semiconductor industry uses silicon as a substrate due to its natural electrical insulating properties and its ability to absorb dopants that alter the properties of the silicon to their specific requirements.\u00a0 Many semiconductors must go through a 50 or more step manufacturing process in order to produce functioning devices. Transistors, contacts, etc., all made of different materials are laid down that, in concert, function as the core of all modern computing devices. The main steps of this manufacturing process are photo masking, etching (selectively removing material of the desired circuit patterns), ionic implantation (to introduce a dopant at a given depth into the material using a high energy electron beam), and metal deposition.<\/p>\n<p>From an electronics consumer perspective the industry regularly comes out with new hardware that is astounding, however within the industry these advancements were planned and considered for decades. For example, Samsung just released a 512GB DDR5 RAM module which uses High-K Metal Gate (HKMG) technology.\u00a0 This technology has about twice the transfer speed and more than an order of magnitude more capacity than the current generation of DDDR 4 RAM modules. In this product, hafnium was used in the gates of the transistors of the device in order to achieve an extremely low leakage current.\u00a0 Ultimately, this means the HKMG DDR5 RAM has significantly reduced power consumption and more reliability. Although it is being marketed as a newly released product, the technology used in this module was demonstrated over 20 years ago and has been in use for more than a decade in some applications. Maturing a technology to be ready for mass production is challenging and time consuming. In the end, new technologies that improve semiconductor performance are only valuable when manufacturing is viable at scale.<\/p>\n<p>So what makes semiconductor manufacturing difficult and what tools do semi fabs have at their disposal? As semiconductor manufacturing processes shrink to the micron level, sources of process variance are becoming increasingly harder to control. This lack of control can lead to significant decreases in process yield, the quantitative measure of the quality of a semiconductor process. In addition, the significant number of steps in order to manufacture a semiconductor can have compounding effects on yield. For example, if each manufacturing step in the semiconductor manufacturing process is ninety nine percent successful then after 50 similar manufacturing steps the yield will be below sixty percent. In this example, 2 in every 5 semiconductors would be discarded due to production issues. The industry employs various advanced process control methods to monitor process variance. For example, feedforward control algorithms may use metrology from the previous step to recommend control schemes for the next step of semiconductor manufacturing. These methods of process control are well understood, have been around for decades, and largely rely on physical simulations of the process in order to make control decisions.\u00a0 Unfortunately, physical simulations have their limitations. Each simulation is either an overly simplified representation of the real world process or they are extremely computationally expensive and cannot be run in real time during the manufacturing process.<\/p>\n<p>As the semiconductor manufacturing industry looks forward to smaller critical dimension sizes and higher process yield, a larger number of process parameters need to be controlled with more precision. Rapid high-fidelity simulations at each step of the manufacturing process will be needed in order to optimize process control. The newly required quality and speed of simulations cannot be achieved with current advance process control technologies, therefore AI Process Control (AI-PC) must be utilized.\u00a0 AI-PC simulates semiconductor manufacturing processes hundreds of thousands times faster than conventional simulation methods enabling real time process control. AI-PC\u2019s ability to model more possible states and apply the best process parameters in real time significantly improves process yield and opens up new semiconductor technologies to mass production.<\/p>\n<p>Inevitably, without significant investment into AI-PC and the advancement of semiconductor manufacturing, all those dollars spent on the new semiconductor technologies will just be a waste of sand.<\/p>\n<p><i>Alexander Fry is a Data Scientist &amp; Machine Learning Engineer at Tignis Inc.\u00a0 He holds degrees in physics and astronomy including a PHD from the University of Washington. He currently serves as a key subject matter expert for Tignis in the Semiconductor Industry.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>References<\/p>\n<p>[1] https:\/\/www.semiconductors.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/2020-SIA-State-of-the-Industry-Report.pdf<\/p>\n<p>[2] \u201cIDC forecast $476 billion in 2021, a 7.7% year-over-year growth rate.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":45808,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[413],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-45807","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-thought-leadership"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The State of Semiconductors - Tignis | Cohu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"AI-process control simulates semiconductor manufacturing processes hundreds of thousands times faster than conventional simulation methods enabling real time process control.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cohu.com\/tignis\/the-state-of-semiconductors\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The State of Semiconductors - 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